We demonstrated an indium tin oxide (ITO)-free, highly transparent organic solar cell with\nthe potential to be integrated into window panes for energy harvesting purposes. A transparent,\nconductive ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer electrode and a Ag:Ca thin film electrode were used in this\ntransparent device as the bottom and top electrode, respectively. To further improve the transmittance\nof the solar cell, the thickness of the top ZnO layer was investigated both experimentally and with\nsimulations. An average visible transmittance of >60% was reached, with a maximum transmittance\nof 73% at 556 nm. Both top and bottom illumination of the solar cell generated comparable power\nconversion efficiencies, which indicates the wide application of this solar cell structure. In addition,\nwe fabricated distributed Bragg reflector mirrors with sputtered SiO2 and TiO2, which efficiently\nincreased the power conversion efficiency over 20% for the solar cells on glass and poly(ethylene\nterephthalate) (PET) substrates.
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